10 PHRASAL VERBS THÔNG DỤNG KHI HỌC TIẾNG ANH

Phrasal verbs hay cụm động từ là một trợ thủ đắc lực giúp bạn giao tiếp tự nhiên và tự tin hơn bởi vì chúng được sử dụng rộng rãi trong tiếng Anh, đặc biệt trong các ngữ cảnh trang trọng (formal context). Bài viết sau đây sẽ giới thiệu đến các bạn 10 phrasal verbs thông dụng được sử dụng phổ biến trong giao tiếp hàng ngày. Các bạn hay đọc, ghi nhớ và sử dụng chúng trong văn nói nhé.

1. Ask around (v): hỏi mọi người xung quanh (ask multiple people)

Ex: I'm not sure if my company is hiring, but i'll ask around and find out for you.

(Tôi không chắc liệu rằng công thi đang tuyển người, nhưng tôi sẽ hỏi mọi người để tìm thông tin cho bạn.)

2. ask  someone out (v): hẹn hò ai đó (ask someone on a date)

Ex: My husband ask me out 17 years ago. (Chồng tôi đã hẹn hò với tôi 17 năm trước)

3. be in control of......: kiểm soát, làm chủ việc gì (have the power over something)

Ex: Everyone thinks that they want to be in control of business, but it's a lot of work!

(Mọi người nghĩ rằng họ muốn làm chủ việc kinh doanh của mình, nhưng có quá nhiều việc để làm)

Ex: I need you to be in control of planning the party, but i could probably help you a little bit.

(Tôi cần bạn tự/toàn quyền lên kế hoạch cho bữa tiệc, nhưng tôi chắc có thể giúp bạn đôi chút.)

4. break down: ngừng hoạt động (stop functioning)

Ex: If you don't take care of your things, they're going to break down faster. 

(Nếu bạn không chăm sóc mọi thứ của bạn, chúng sẽ ngừng hoạt động nhanh hơn)

5. break something down/ break down something: giải thích thứ gì đó dùng từ ngữ đơn giản (explain something in single terms)

Ex: The teacher broke down the lesson so that we could easily understand. 

(Thầy giáo đã dùng các từ ngữ đơn giản để giải thích bài học giúp chúng tôi hiểu bài dễ dàng.)

6. break out: lan truyền (spread)

Ex: We were going to go on vacation and then Covid broke out and we had to cancel it.

(Chúng tôi đã định đi nghỉ lễ và sau đó Covid lan rộng. Và vì thế, chúng tôi phải huỷ chuyến đi.)

Ex: When the news breaks out about the war, a lot of people are going to protest.

(Khi tin tức về cuộc chiến lan rộng, nhiều người lên kế hoạch phản đối chiến tranh.)

7. Bring something/someone down: khiến ai đó không hạnh phúc/ khiến tâm trạng chán nản, tiêu cực

Ex: My coworker just really brings me down. She's always unhappy and complains about everything.( Đồng nghiệp của tôi vừa mới làm tôi rất buồn. Cô ta luôn luôn không vui và phàn nàn về mọi thứ.)

Ex: I hate to bring down the mood of the party, but the cake just fell off the table and now it's ruined. (tôi ghét làm phá vỡ không khí tươi vui của bữa tiệc, nhưng cái bánh sinh nhật vừa mới rơi khỏi cái bàn và bây giờ nó đã bị hỏng.)

8. Call around: gọi những người xung quanh/ khắp nơi

Ex: I have some extra tickets to the concert, so I'm going to call around and see if any of my friends want them. (Tôi có dư một vài tấm vé dự buổi hoà nhạc, vì vậy tôi định sẽ gọi mọi người để xem liệu rằng có người bạn nào của tôi có muốn lấy những tấm vé này không.)

9. Cheer up: nói hoặc làm thứ gì đó khiến ai đó vui lên

Ex: I brought you these flowers to cheer you up.

(Tôi mang đến cho bạn những bông hoa này để làm bạn vui lên.)

10. Cheer on: khuyến khích hoặc ủng hộ ai

Ex:

- Let's cheer on your team!

- My friend is running a marathon next week, and I'm going to stand at the finish line to cheer her on. (Bạn của tôi sẽ chạy việt dã vào tuần tới,và tôi định sẽ đứng ở vạch về đích để ủng hộ/cỗ vũ bạn ấy) 

(Trích Nguồn: Vanessa English)

 

 REPORTED SPEECH

I. TENSES AND MODALS CHANGES

(Thay đổi về thì và động từ khiếm khuyết)

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
1. Present simple: V1 Ex:  Nam said: “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock.”	1. Past simple: V2/ed Ex: Nam said (that) he was told to be at school before 7 o’clock.
2. Present Progressive: am/is/are + V-ing   Ex: He said:“ I’m watching TV.”	2. Past progressive: was/were + V-ing   Ex: He said (that) he was watching TV.
3. Present perfect: have/ has + V3/ed Ex: He said: “He has just bought a new book.”	3. Past perfect: had + V3/ed Ex: He said (that) he had just bought a new book.
4. Past simple: V2/ed Ex: They said: “We came by car.”	4. Past perfect: had + V3/ed Ex: They said (that) we had come by car.
5. Past progressive: was/were + V-ing   Ex: He said: “I was sitting in the park at 8 o’clock.”	5. Past perfect progressive:   had + been + V-ing Ex: He said (that) I had been sitting in the park at 8 o’clock.
6. Past perfect: had +V3/ed Ex: She said: “My money had run out”.	6. Past perfect: had + V3/ed Ex: She said (that) her money had run out.
7. will + Ex: Lan said: “I’ll phone you.”	7. would Ex: Lan said (that) she would phone me.
8. can Ex: He said: “You can sit here”.	8. could Ex: He said (that) we could sit there.
9. may Ex: Mary said: “I may go to Hanoi again”.	9. might Ex: Mary said (that) she might go to Hanoi again.
10. must/have to Ex: He said: “He must finish this report.”	10. had to Ex: He said (that) he had to finish that report.

 

 

III. PRONOUNS AND DETERMINER CHANGES

(Thay đổi về đại từ và từ hạn định)

Direct speech	Reported speech	Examples
my	his/her	‘I’ve lost my credit card,’ Tim said. ð Tim said he had lost his credit card.
This/that + noun	The/that	‘I’ve lost this sweater,’ said Tim ð Tim said he had lost that sweater.
This/that + verb	it	‘This is a lovely sweater’, said Tim. ð Tim said it was a lovely sweater.
These/those + noun	The/those	‘I love those sweaters,’ said Tim. => Tim said he loved the/those sweaters.
These/those + verb	they	‘These are lovely sweaters,’ said Tim. ð Tim said they were lovely sweaters.
Verb + these/those	them	‘I’m going to buy these’, said Tim. ð Tim said he was going to buy them.

 

 

 

IV. TIME AND PLACES CHANGES

(Thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn)

Direct speech	Reported speech
Today Tonight Tomorrow Next week/month/year Yesterday Last week/month/year Now/at the moment Ago Here	That day That night The following day/ the next day The following week/month/year The day before/ the previous day The week/month/year before – The previous week/month/year Then/ at that moment Before/previously There

 

S+ said (to + O) + that S + V..... S + told + O + that S + V.....

V. STATEMENTS IN REPORTED SPEECH (Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp):

 

 

 

Ex: We will have a test tomorrow”, my teacher said.

ð My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day.

 

Note: Có thể sử dụng các động từ tường thuật sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed, ....

VI. EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:

Câu 1:  Julia said that she ___________ there at noon.
A. is going to be            B. was going to be          C. will be                   D. can be
Câu 2:  He _______ that he was leaving way that afternoon.
A. told me                      B. told to me                    C. said me                   D. says to me
Câu 3:  She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before.
A. wrote                         B. has written                  C. was writing            D. had written
Câu 4:  The teacher said the children ________ outside then.

A. play                           B. was playing                C. played                     D. have played
Câu 5:  Peter said that he __________ rich the following year.

A. will be                                                                  B. is going to be        

C. would be                                                              D. is
Câu 6:  They said that they had been driving through the desert__________.
A. the previous day      B. yesterday                     C. the last day             D. Sunday previously

Câu 7:  The man said that money ___________ the passport to everything.
A. will be                       B is                                    C. was                          D. can be
Câu 8:  The teacher said Columbus _________America in 1942.
A. discovered                B. had discovered           C. was discovering    D. would discover
Câu 9:  John said he _________ her before 1975.
A. hasn’t met                                                           B. didn’t meet

C. hadn’t met                                                           D. wasn’t meeting
Câu 10: Laura said that she ____________here for 35 years.

A. has been working    B. has worked                 C. had been working D. worked
Câu 11: Ba said he__________ some good marks the semester before.
A. gets                            B. got                                C. had gotten              D. have got
Câu 12: They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.
A. try                              B. will try                        C. are trying                D. would try
Câu 13:   Thu said she had been___________ the day before.
A. here                           B. there                            C. in this place            D. where
Câu 14:   The student said that the English test_______ the most difficult.
A. is                                B. was                               C. will be                     D. have been
Câu 15:   He said that he had bought _______sweater for me.

A. that                            B. this                               C. the                          D. A & C
Câu 16:   John often says he _______ boxing because it _______ a cruel sport.
A. doesn’t like/ is                                                     B. did not like / were

C. not liked / had been                                           D. had not liked / was
Câu 17:    Andrew told me that they _______ fish two _______ days.
A. have not eaten / ago                                           B. had eaten/ previous         

C. did not eat / before                                            D. would not eat / last
Câu 18:   Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.
A. had done / following                                         B. will do / previous

C. would do/ following                                          D. was going / previous
Câu 19:   She said she _______ collect it for me after work.
A. would                        B. did                                C. must                        D. had
Câu 20:   She said I _______ an angel.
A. am                              B. was                               C. were                        D. have been
Câu 21: I have ever told you he _______ unreliable.
A. is                                B. were                             C. had been                 D. would be
Câu 22: I told him _______ the word to Jane somehow that I _______ to reach her during the early hours.
A. passing / will try                                                 B. he will pass / tried

C. to pass/ would try                                               D. he passed / have tried
Câu 23: Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
A. yesterday                  B. two days ago              C. the day before        D. the next day
Câu 24:  The guest told the host that _______.
A. I must go now           B. he must go now          C. he had to go now  D. he had to go then

Câu 25: I said that I had met her ______.

A. yesterday                  B. the previous day        C. the day                   D. the before day.

Câu 26: Peter said he was leaving for Paris ______.

A. next week                 B. the week previous       C. following week    D. the following week

Câu 27: “I don’t usually drink milk when ______” Mrs. Pike said.

A. she was hungry        B. I was hungry               C. I am hungry          D. I will be

Câu 28: Someone _________ me there’s been an accident on the motorway.

A. asked                       B. said                             C. spoke                    D. told

Câu 29: Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London.

A. is                               B. be                                 C. was                       D. were

Câu 30: They said that their house had been broken into ______.

A. the day before          B. yesterday                      C. the previous day   D. A & C

 

Exercise 2: Write the correct form of the following verbs in brackets.

Câu 1: Nam said that he (have to) _____ at school before 7 o'clock every day.

Câu 2: Thu said that all the students (have) ______a meeting the following week.

Câu 3: Phong told me that his parents (be) ______ very proud of his good marks.

Câu 4: The teacher said that all the homework (must)______ be done carefully.

Câu 5: Her father said to her that she (can) ______go to the movie with her friend.

Câu 6: The teacher said that the Earth (move) ______around the Sun.

Câu 7: The police asked Mr John what he (do)______ the night before.

Câu 8: I said it (be) ______so sad the night before.
Câu 9: He claimed that he (do)  ___ already ____it.
Câu 10: Kim told me she (see)______ me at the station that morning.
Câu 11: Dan explained that he (can’t)  _______ help me.
Câu 12: He was afraid that he (can)______  fail the exam.
Câu 13: My teacher said that the Amazon (be)_______ the biggest river.
Câu 14: Bill told me that he (may come) _____ a bit late.
Câu 15: He replied that he (read) _______ a book for two hours the day before.
Câu 16: The doctor said David (have to) _______ be on a diet.
Câu 17: The teacher thought that I (not write) _________ the essay two days before.
Câu 18: Jim admitted that he (meet) _____her in 1990.
Câu 19: She said she (text) _____ her boyfriend then.
Câu 20: Marion said she (will finish) _______ the picture soon.

Câu 21: The doctor said that Jasmine (must take) ______ a few days' rest.

Câu 22: Mary said she (will travel) _________ all around the world.

Câu 23: He said that English (be) ______very useful for his future job and he (must) ______master it

Câu 24: He said they (play) ______ games in the bedroom then.

Câu 25: She said that I had better (go) ______home early.

Câu 26: Robert said Julie (may help) ______Carlo do the dishes.

Câu 27: The captain said to his men that they (must abandon) ______the ship at that moment.

Câu 28: Jane said to Frank that she ______ already (disclose) ______their confidential report to the press.

Câu 29: The team leader told us that we (can tidy up) ______the final draft before submission.

Câu 30: The teacher said to us that we (should write )______a draft before writing an essay.

Exercise 3:  Change this direct speech into reported speech:

Câu 1: “He works in a bank”, said Julie.

ð Julie said ________________________________________________________

Câu 2: “We went out last night”, she told me.

ð She told me______________________________________________________

Câu 3: “I’m coming!”

ð He said__________________________________________________________

Câu 4: “I was waiting for the bus when John arrived”

ð My father told me _________________________________________________

Câu 5: “I’d never been there before”

ð She said_________________________________________________________

Câu 6: “I didn’t go to the party” Mrs. Smith told me.

ð Mrs. Smith told me that _____________________________________________

Câu 7: “Lucy’ll come later”

ð Peter said ________________________________________________________

Câu 8: “He hasn’t eaten breakfast”

ð She told me ______________________________________________________

Câu 9: “I can help you tomorrow”

ð The teacher said __________________________________________________

Câu 10: “You should go to bed early”

ð She told me ______________________________________________________

Câu11: “I don’t like chocolate”

ð My friend told me _________________________________________________

Câu 12: “I won’t see you tomorrow”

ð She said _________________________________________________________

Câu 13: “My sister is living in Paris for a few months”

ð Tony said _____________________________________________________

Câu 14: “I visited my parents at the weekend”

ð My cousin said to me ____________________________________________

Câu 15: “Johnny hasn’t eaten sushi before”

ð My daughter said _______________________________________________

Câu 16: “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London”

ð Doctor Jill said  ________________________________________________

Câu 17: “They would help if they could”

ð She said ______________________________________________________

Câu 18: “I’ll do the washing-up later”

ð She told me ___________________________________________________

Câu 19: “He could read when he was three.”

ð He said _______________________________________________________

Câu 20: “I was sleeping when Julie called”

ð He said _______________________________________________________

Câu 21: Mr. Miller said, ‘I can’t come to the meeting on Sunday’

ð Mr. Miller said (that) ____________________________________________

Câu 22: Mary said, ‘I’m feeling ill’

ð Mary said (that) ________________________________________________

Câu 23: Your brother said, ‘I like chocolate’

ð Your brother said (that) __________________________________________

Câu 24: My brother said, ‘I’m going to learn to cook’

ð My brother said (that) ____________________________________________

Câu 25: Mehrzad said, “I’m going to start my own photography business next month.”

ð Mehrzad said (that)______________________________________________

Câu 26: Alex said, “I finished university in June”

ð Alex said (that) _________________________________________________

Câu 27: Safia said, “I have studied photography”

ð Safia said (that)_________________________________________________

Câu 28: “He’s not at home”, they said.

ð They said that__________________________________________________

Câu 29: “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” Pete said.

ð Pete said that_____________________________________________________

Câu 30: “I’ll pay her if I can” Kenny said.

ð Kenny said that___________________________________________________